About the origins of Chinese bronzes(1)

Bronze, the ancient is called Ji Kim, at that time is precious thing. bronze for China remains a huge amount of variety, artistic skills, distinctive and unique in the world.

 

China is the birthplace of world civilization, our business, Zhou Wenming Egypt than in the West, while Greek civilization, a little later, was tied for the two world civilization system. Magnificent pyramids and the Parthenon is the symbol of ancient Western civilization. The wooden structure of China’s ancient architecture, it is difficult to save, reflecting China’s Shang and Zhou slave production technology, social life and artistic concepts and representatives of the main relics are known to the world famous bronze sculpture. Although the history of the ancient world in all of society are known as the Bronze Age civilization, but China remains a huge amount of bronze for a great variety of artistic skills, distinctive and unique in the world.

 

bronze statue shape from the original pottery and bone protractor, divided into cookware, utensils, wine, musical instruments, weapons, tools, and money and ornaments and so on. Shang nobility worship the gods and the use of utensils, wine KIWI most magnificent style, ornamentation is very strange terror, is full of terror and superstition of the Shang dynasty to prove a distinct community spirit. Zhou Dynasty to the patriarchal rule of etiquette, a lot of bronze weighing ancestor worship and the “descendants forever treasure” commemorative ritual, dignified and elegant decoration style. Lengthy inscription is a valuable historical documents. Spring after the ceremony, Disintegration, though only as a noble chinese bronze practical apparatus, but the style into delicate gorgeous. China’s ancient bronze with the pyramids of Egypt, Greek architecture, sculpture famous representative of the ancient culture and art, has a very high historical value, scientific value and artistic value of ancient artifacts, not only of our national cultural heritage an important part, is the world’s cultural treasures the treasure. In today’s art market, the Ming and Qing dynasties porcelain and paintings of famous easily tens of millions or even billions, but the real national treasures – bronze dragon, but only a few million dollars, which is very unreasonable, not normal.

 

Bronze, the ancient is called Ji Kim, at that time is precious thing. In our primitive society, it is used as a weighing money, but also as a store of wealth. Into the class society, the bronze was cast of containers, such as food, wine, water heaters, weapons, etc., and as ritual ceremonies, and some re-engraved device also has a very fine pattern and historical value of the inscriptions. The ruler’s death, the bronze into the ground, buried deep in thick, in order to permanently occupy it.

 

Bronze Age just over, the Han Dynasty, people began to dig steal. 1930s, the former Academia Sinica and Core County, Henan Province, Henan joint clean up the tombs, six months cleaning up the tomb 88, which actually accounted for by the ancients excavated over the 2 / 3, since the Han Dynasty unearthed a total of exactly how much pieces of bronze, although academics spend a great strength over the past century, but no accurate statement. There are statistics that recorded after the Han dynasty unearthed as seen in the ritual of food, wine, water heaters and instruments for more than a total of 20,000, only a bronze inscriptions reached 10,000 or more.

 

The earliest documented bronze sculpture statue unearthed from the Han Dynasty, the feudal dynasty them as Ruixiang thing, to go down in history. Such as, “May 5 Yuanding first year, was on a tripod fenshui”, “four years of summer in June, was next to Baoding Houtu Temple” (“Han Emperor in mind”). Teijin never the first year, “South Chanyu Mobei left in the constitution of ancient tripod, bucket capacity of five, its near-ming said:” Zhongshan Fu Ding, whose descendants Yong years warranty “on the constitution is the” (“the Book · Dou Xian Biography “).
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The Application of the bronze sculpture in Shang Dynasty

The Shang and Zhou bronze relief art in this period achieved dazzling, but with the other arts, like the art of the Shang and Zhou dancer sculpture relief evolution of language does not have a more sharp boundaries, however, still with its artistic form of language changes in social life have a special evolution process, not completely but for the history of regime change points. The base of the bronze sculpture shapes like a naked warrior holding the censer with his right hand beating the dragon with left hand. But to analyze this evolution process and I think its a combination of historical dating is a more scientific approach, not only help to understand the history of artistic development and social relations, conducive to art in contrast with the historical changes in the process, while maintaining the artistic with the same characteristics of the art form of integrity, so there will be art of the Shang and Zhou bronze art relief into the corresponding language in the form of the evolution of the three periods, and their evolution for further analysis.
Shang and Zhou bronze relief in the form of artistic language and its evolution process causes the formation of the Shang and Zhou angel statues reliefs Art in the establishment and evolution of the early Shang Dynasty inherited from primitive art is any art since the beginning of a constant, the period of primitive society with our excellent Art Deco pottery tradition. Decorative patterns to describe objects has a certain look both beautiful and symbolic meaning, had already appeared in our late Paleolithic to Neolithic ancestors in addition to meet the practical needs in addition to the color, gloss, texture and the kind of aesthetic experience mature style, Yangshao and various types of Majiayao culture has a lot of original pottery painted patterns on the emergence of Yangshao patterns, can be divided into several types, of which the temple Banpo type and trench types of pottery the most outstanding artistic achievements. The bronze figurines has been suggested that the mountain range represents Mount Penglai, the home of the Daoist Immortals.
Xi’an Banpo, Lintong Jiangzhai represented Banpo type, multi-pattern painted on pottery rim, device shoulders, upper abdomen and other devices more prominent position, or painted on the exposure objects of the wall, the contents of a triangle pattern, slash, twists and turns and lines, geometric patterns patterns patterns depicting animals, Banpo people face reticulate, Yu Wen, Jiang Village frog pattern, the first North Ridge waterfowl Baoji title Yu Wen are the typical form of this pattern. . In modern times, a antique bronzeis commonly used in home as decorations and to add quaint atmosphere to the study. And in Stone Mountain, the Mid-levels, an important representative of the type Machang Majiayao culture pottery decoration, pattern and more extensive changes in the geometric patterns to swirl pattern, sawtooth pattern, grid pattern, meter and word patterns and deformation were Bird-based, simple and clear composition, rich decoration of the United States.
Shang and Zhou bronze relief art of pottery in the early succession of the original decorative arts tradition, mainly in the way of imitation pottery incised decoration. Using bronze sculpture symbolizes perspicacious mind while sending a burner means a wish of happy life and the praise the receiver charitable and knowledgeable.  Late summer early Shang bronze casting material objects instead of pottery, decorative pottery decoration and expression in bronze, mainly reflected in: the form of decoration mostly portrayed in bronze zonal control device abdomen and shoulder, and the geometric decoration to content patterns of the majority, such as wavy lines unearthed in Henan Hui Xian Ding, and herringbone Ge, Gen Ge, Yu Hyun pattern, decorated with painted pottery is different decorative patterns on the bronze sculpture statue is engraved in the shape of the ability to turn the system on the plastic casting made, indicating the business has been noted earlier decoration decorative painting for the performance of the plane of line and color in special materials and copper door, commercial bronze relief art of language forms.
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Teach You to Jude the bronze sculpture

American psychologist Ronald Siegel (Ronald K. Siegel) Based on these findings propose a neuropsychological model shows the main result of taking drugs into people’s consciousness in the variant into the off state of the soul, or shaman those seen when 23 bones, also known as X-ray style art style art, Gansu Dadiwan had found a site to draw, draw a box in the context of the two bones of the deceased. 1920s Swedish scholars Andersson collected in Gansu Lintao a pottery bowl, wall painting was the skeleton. Discussion in this regard, specific refer Chang: “The witch wizard Yangshao information”, “Proceedings of Chinese Archaeology,” illusion of the scene, according to the metamorphosis of this awareness of the depth of it is divided into three stages. The bronze sculpture is modeling off in a crane chin up and chest out stepping on a tortoise.
This pattern began in the 1980s by South African anthropologist David Lewis Williams (David Lewis-Williams) and his student Thomas sinus Sen (Thomas Dowson) Thain applied to indigenous people in South Africa (San) and American Indian rock art, and even Paleolithic art studies in Europe, and the results significantly, causing the attention of archaeologists throughout the West. In china, while the crane on behalf of evergreen, the bronze sculpture represents longevity.  For the convenience of description, we are here to put this neuropsychological model are outlined as follows: The first stage is the awareness of the state with the most shallow deformation stage. At this stage, people can see, such as points, zigzag, grid, as groups of parallel lines, like the nest-shaped curve and the rotation curves and other geometric shapes.
These geometric images known as “as the phenomenon within” (entoptic phenomena), because they contain light perception in the human system and the external light source is not a relationship. Some patterns seem to have some significance, but some patterns but no substantive significance. The bronze statue sculpture stands straightly on the turtle looking back and watching, very vivid and lifelike.  The second stage, the subjective consciousness seems to make all these geometric images with religious and emotional significance of objects linked. For example, for a Westerner, when thirsty, when he may appear without the cup in front of the picture, perhaps the time when he fears there will be a bomb in front of the image. So, in this abnormal level of consciousness, a zigzag pattern may become a snake.
This implies that we, with many images of ancient people and their cultural background has a specific relationship. The third stage is the magic of the deepest stage. At this stage, people will experience a vortex or a tunnel, spiral, or end of the tunnel is bright light. Regarding to the love, this chinese bronze sculpture signifies evergreen and long-living love. Within the vortex pattern of squares on the table will appear in the grid will appear at different intervals of people, animals, monsters, etc., or with people’s subjective sense of cultural background of the image. When these themes emerge from the end of the tunnel, people will find that they actually are in a strange psychedelic world, and humans, monsters are all the more clear and real, geometric image still exists but has been scattered to the edges.
Based on the understanding of the neuropsychological model, Louis Williams and Sen Dou indigenous rock art found in South Africa with the phenomenon described by this model is consistent, especially in the third stage of the image is very clear, these images including animals, monsters and human-animal fit and so on. As the both of them are also the symbols of longevity, this bronze dragon sculpture also express a wish of good luck and long life. Archaeologist in coordination with the United States, they again applied to the model of the Great Basin California Indians (Shoshonean Coso) in the study of rock art, found equally effective in this model (Figure D). Paleolithic cave paintings in Europe, the inspection, Louis Williams and Sen Dou found in the laboratory, as seen in those phenomena, such as dots, plaid, bronze sculpture statue the word pattern, nested curves and other geometric symbols are included.
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